DECLARE @name VARCHAR(50) -- database name
DECLARE @path VARCHAR(256) -- path for backup files
DECLARE @fileName VARCHAR(256) -- filename for backup
DECLARE @fileDate VARCHAR(20) -- used for file name
SET @path = 'C:\Backup\'
SELECT @fileDate = CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),GETDATE(),112)
DECLARE db_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT name
FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases
WHERE name NOT IN ('master','model','msdb','tempdb')
OPEN db_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @fileName = @path + @name + '_' + @fileDate + '.BAK'
BACKUP DATABASE @name TO DISK = @fileName
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @name
END
CLOSE db_cursor
DEALLOCATE db_cursor
Cursor Components
Based on the example above, cursors include these components:
- DECLARE statements – Declare variables used in the code block
- SET\SELECT statements – Initialize the variables to a specific value
- DECLARE CURSOR statement – Populate the cursor with values that will be evaluated
- NOTE – There are an equal number of variables in the DECLARE <cursor_name> CURSOR FOR statement as there are in the SELECT statement. This could be 1 or many variables and associated columns.
- OPEN statement – Open the cursor to begin data processing
- FETCH NEXT statements – Assign the specific values from the cursor to the variables
- NOTE – This logic is used for the initial population before the WHILE statement and then again during each loop in the process as a portion of the WHILE statement
- WHILE statement – Condition to begin and continue data processing
- BEGIN…END statement – Start and end of the code block
- NOTE – Based on the data processing multiple BEGIN…END statements can be used
- Data processing – In this example, this logic is to backup a database to a specific path and file name, but this could be just about any DML or administrative logic
- CLOSE statement – Releases the current data and associated locks, but permits the cursor to be re-opened
- DEALLOCATE statement – Destroys the cursor
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